Key to Paussinae Larvae

1	Abdomen linear, with segments VIII-IX not modified; segment IX with pair of tubular urogomphi (rarely reduced or absent)	most Carabidae
-	Abdomen upcurved, with segments VIII-IX (mostly epipleurites and tergites) highly modified, transformed into a transverse sclerotized terminal disk composed of flat plates; segment IX with pair of branched or plate-like urogomphi (Paussinae) Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window Terminal disk.	2
2	Head hyperprognathous (bent upwards); neck constricted; coronal suture present; sensorial appendage small and conical on antennomere III; mandibles long and slender, sickle-shaped; urogomphi multi-lobed; tarsi with 2 claws; pygidium positioned between urogomphi near the middle of the terminal disk (Metriini, Ozaenini)	3
-	Head prognathous; neck not constricted; coronal suture absent; sensorial appendage large, bulbous or conical on antennomere III; mandibles short and broad, subtriangular; urogomphi flattened, plate-like, not lobate; tarsi with 1 claw; pygidium positioned ventral to urogomphi and terminal disk (Paussini) Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window Neck shape. Urogomphi shape. Position of pygidium.	8
3	Anterior margin of frontoclypeolabrale with four small subequal teeth, positioned transversely just behind the anterior margin of frontal sclerite; stipes of maxillae without a basal tooth; urogomphi with 5 lobes, lobe A short, lobe D placed at the common base of lobes B-C, lobe E undivided	Metrius
-	Anterior margin of frontoclypeolabrale not toothed, smooth transverse keel present anteriorly on frontal sclerite; stipes of maxillae with an acute basal tooth at inner side; urogomphi with 6 or more lobes, lobe A elongate, lobe D at the base of lobe E; lobe E subapically divided into E1 and E2 lobes (Ozaenini) Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window Frontoclypeolabrale shape. Maxilla shape. Number of urogomphal lobes.	4
4	Transverse keel just behind anterior margin of frontoclypeolabrale; labral tooth small, anteriorly truncate or partially bilobate, partially covered by the transverse keel in dorsal view; prementum subrectangular or subquadrate, with parallel sides; urogomphi antler-like with long and slender lobes, lobes D and E1 rounded at tip; dorsal plates of terminal disk flat or only slightly convex without protruding sensorial areas	5
-	Transverse keel well behind anterior margin of frontoclypeolabrale; labral tooth wide, slightly rounded anteriorly, clearly visible in dorsal view; prementum tapered from the base to the apex; urogomphi with short, flattened and partially fused lobes, lobes D and E1 pointed at tip; dorsal plates of terminal disk concave with large, protruding sensorial areas near the middle Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window Position of transverse keel. Urogomphal lobes D and E. Surface of dorsal plate.	Physea
5	Prementum subrectangular, longer than wide; ligula dome-like, moderately protruding; antennomere IV short and cylindrical; second galeomere conical	Pachyteles
-	Prementum subquadrate or slightly transverse; ligula elongate; antennomere IV long and clavate; second galeomere stick-like, elongate and cylindrical Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window Prementum shape. Ligula length.	6
6	Urogomphi with lobes A and E2 flattened, truncate and partially divided at apex (according to the drawings of Paulian, 1947); lobe B undivided	Sphaerostylus (Afrozaena)
-	Urogomphi with lobes A and E2 cylindrical, tapering to the tip and undivided; lobe B divided into B1 and B2 lobes Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window Urogomphal lobes A and E. Urogomphal lobe B.	7
7	Lacinia slightly longer than galea; dorsal plates of terminal disk subtrapezoidal, distinctly wider at apex than base, medially adjacent; lateral plates wide and short; lobe A slender, about as long as lobe B; lobe D slender and long	Itamus
-	Lacinia shorter than galea; dorsal plates of terminal disk subrectangular, only slightly wider at apex than base, deeply divided medially; lateral plates elongate and slender; lobe A robust, distinctly shorter than lobe B; lobe D very small Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window Urogomphal lobe D length. Urogomphal lobe A length.	Goniotropis
8	Several setae on dorsal surface of the head, thoracic tergites and of perimeter of terminal disk clavate and riddled (sensilla S-VIII); lacinia present, apically with strong hook-like spines along occlusal edge; antennomere IV with stick-like, apical sensory appendix; mandible without prostheca; leg with articulated trochanter, femur, tibia and tarsus; urogomphi with irregularly raised margin	Arthropterus
-	Setae on dorsal surface of the head, thoracic tergites and perimeter of terminal disk not clavate; lacinia absent; antennomere IV simple, without stick-like, apical sensory appendix; mandible with digitiform prostheca; leg with fused trochanter, femur, tibia and tarsus; urogomphi with regularly rounded margin Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window Mandible shape. Fusion of leg articles.	9
9	First maxillary palpomere basally articulated with stipes, resulting in a 4-jointed palp; sutures between trochanter, femur, tibia and tarsus visible; sensilla S-I with inflated apex; sensilla S-II on margin of terminal disk absent	Platyrhopalopsis
-	First maxillary palpomere basally fused with stipes, resulting in a 3-jointed palp; trochanter, femur, tibia and tarsus completely fused, without sutures; sensilla S-I with simple truncate apex; sensilla S-II on margin of terminal disk present Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window Number of maxillary palp articles. Sutures of fused leg articies.	Paussus